Both John Savage and Mustapha Mond agree that humans have an innate impulse towards belief in a god, but Mond sees that impulse as useless and something that society must control in order to ensure stability. When Bernard participates in the Solidarity Service, the participants feel a kind of Fordian Holy Ghost in a ritualized ceremony that engenders belonging and solidarity amongst the citizens. The government cannot completely suppress religious impulses in society, but they were able to control such impulses. Is Huxley’s society able to suppress religious impulses completely? The reader should not understand each character for their personality so much as for the thoughts and ideas that they represent. For instance, Bernard Marx personifies the unrest and hubris of socialist thought. Like many novels that depict dystopian futures, Huxley's novel relies less on character development than it does on the personification of social and political thought in the names, attitudes, traits, and flaws of each character. John shows the reader how beauty can come from tragedy and how turmoil and unhappiness are necessary conditions for great art.ĭiscuss Huxley's use of character development in the novel. His love of Shakespeare - the ultimate achievement in art and beauty, according to Huxley - represents his desire for aesthetic transcendence in the human soul. John Savage represents humanity's base desire for beauty. What traits of humanity does John Savage represent in the novel? Huxley comments on the scientific progress of the twentieth century, which caused a great amount of advancement but which also led to mechanisms of war. Thus, society must suppress the advent of certain ideas. Science, for instance, can reduce the amount of labor necessary to keep lower castes busy and upper castes satisfied with their work. Society must restrict science because too much scientific progress can result in social instability. Why does Mustapha Mond insist that science must be constrained in the same way that art and religion are? Instead, the greatest happiness comes through scientific and social conditioning that makes each person content with who they are and what they do. Happiness is stability and emotional equilibrium in people's lives rather than things that we might associate with happiness, such as achievement, advancement, love, and beauty. Huxley's utilitarian society seeks the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people. Discuss Huxley's vision of a utilitarian society.

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